diff --git a/app/handlers/_handler.ts b/app/handlers/_handler.ts
index d05e6f39..4148c726 100644
--- a/app/handlers/_handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/_handler.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,109 @@
+import { ref } from 'vue'
+
+// Factory for CRUD handler state and actions
+export function createCrudHandler<T = any>(crud: {
+  post: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any>
+  patch: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any>
+  remove: (...args: any[]) => Promise<any>
+}) {
+  const recId = ref<number>(0)
+  const recAction = ref<string>('')
+  const recItem = ref<T | null>(null)
+  const isReadonly = ref(false)
+  const isProcessing = ref(false)
+  const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
+  const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
+
+  function onResetState() {
+    recId.value = 0
+    recAction.value = ''
+    recItem.value = null
+  }
+
+  async function handleActionSave(values: any, refresh: () => void, reset: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
+    isProcessing.value = true
+    await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
+      action: crud.post,
+      args: [values],
+      toast,
+      successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
+      errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
+      onSuccess: () => {
+        isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
+        if (refresh) refresh()
+      },
+      onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
+        if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
+        isProcessing.value = false
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  async function handleActionEdit(
+    id: number | string,
+    values: any,
+    refresh: () => void,
+    reset: () => void,
+    toast: ToastFn,
+  ) {
+    isProcessing.value = true
+    await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
+      action: crud.patch,
+      args: [id, values],
+      toast,
+      successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
+      errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
+      onSuccess: () => {
+        isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
+        if (refresh) refresh()
+      },
+      onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
+        if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
+        isProcessing.value = false
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  async function handleActionRemove(id: number | string, refresh: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
+    isProcessing.value = true
+    await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
+      action: crud.remove,
+      args: [id],
+      toast,
+      successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
+      errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
+      onSuccess: () => {
+        isRecordConfirmationOpen.value = false
+        if (refresh) refresh()
+      },
+      onFinally: () => {
+        isProcessing.value = false
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
+    isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
+    isReadonly.value = false
+    setTimeout(reset, 300)
+  }
+
+  return {
+    recId,
+    recAction,
+    recItem,
+    isReadonly,
+    isProcessing,
+    isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+    isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+    onResetState,
+    handleActionSave,
+    handleActionEdit,
+    handleActionRemove,
+    handleCancelForm,
+  }
+}
+
 // Reusable async handler for CRUD actions with toast and state management
 export type ToastFn = (params: { title: string; description: string; variant: 'default' | 'destructive' }) => void
 
diff --git a/app/handlers/device.handler.ts b/app/handlers/device.handler.ts
index e269f61b..14de6830 100644
--- a/app/handlers/device.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/device.handler.ts
@@ -1,101 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-
-// Handlers
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
-
-// Services
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postDevice, patchDevice, removeDevice } from '~/services/device.service'
 
-const recId = ref<number>(0)
-const recAction = ref<string>('')
-const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-const isReadonly = ref(false)
-const isProcessing = ref(false)
-const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postDevice,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchDevice,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(
-  id: number | string,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeDevice,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      onResetState();
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    reset()
-  }, 500)
-}
-
-export { recId, recAction, recItem, isReadonly, isProcessing, isFormEntryDialogOpen, isRecordConfirmationOpen }
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postDevice,
+  patch: patchDevice,
+  remove: removeDevice,
+})
diff --git a/app/handlers/material.handler.ts b/app/handlers/material.handler.ts
index d61e5f01..750f7967 100644
--- a/app/handlers/material.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/material.handler.ts
@@ -1,92 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-
-// Handlers
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
-
-// Services
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postMaterial, patchMaterial, removeMaterial } from '~/services/material.service'
 
-const recId = ref<number>(0)
-const recAction = ref<string>('')
-const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-const isReadonly = ref(false)
-const isProcessing = ref(false)
-const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(values: any, refresh: () => void, reset: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postMaterial,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn,
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchMaterial,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(id: number | string, refresh: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeMaterial,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      onResetState()
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    reset()
-  }, 500)
-}
-
-export { recId, recAction, recItem, isReadonly, isProcessing, isFormEntryDialogOpen, isRecordConfirmationOpen }
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postMaterial,
+  patch: patchMaterial,
+  remove: removeMaterial,
+})
diff --git a/app/handlers/medicine-group.handler.ts b/app/handlers/medicine-group.handler.ts
index f349355f..998ab285 100644
--- a/app/handlers/medicine-group.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/medicine-group.handler.ts
@@ -1,101 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-
-// Handlers
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
-
-// Services
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postMedicineGroup, patchMedicineGroup, removeMedicineGroup } from '~/services/medicine-group.service'
 
-const recId = ref<number>(0)
-const recAction = ref<string>('')
-const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-const isReadonly = ref(false)
-const isProcessing = ref(false)
-const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postMedicineGroup,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchMedicineGroup,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(
-  id: number | string,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeMedicineGroup,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      onResetState();
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    reset()
-  }, 500)
-}
-
-export { recId, recAction, recItem, isReadonly, isProcessing, isFormEntryDialogOpen, isRecordConfirmationOpen }
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postMedicineGroup,
+  patch: patchMedicineGroup,
+  remove: removeMedicineGroup,
+})
diff --git a/app/handlers/medicine-method.handler.ts b/app/handlers/medicine-method.handler.ts
index 2a681776..df4e0ff9 100644
--- a/app/handlers/medicine-method.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/medicine-method.handler.ts
@@ -1,101 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-
-// Handlers
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
-
-// Services
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postMedicineMethod, patchMedicineMethod, removeMedicineMethod } from '~/services/medicine-method.service'
 
-const recId = ref<number>(0)
-const recAction = ref<string>('')
-const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-const isReadonly = ref(false)
-const isProcessing = ref(false)
-const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postMedicineMethod,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchMedicineMethod,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(
-  id: number | string,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeMedicineMethod,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      onResetState();
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    reset()
-  }, 500)
-}
-
-export { recId, recAction, recItem, isReadonly, isProcessing, isFormEntryDialogOpen, isRecordConfirmationOpen }
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postMedicineMethod,
+  patch: patchMedicineMethod,
+  remove: removeMedicineMethod,
+})
diff --git a/app/handlers/medicine.handler.ts b/app/handlers/medicine.handler.ts
index a727852b..d550f11b 100644
--- a/app/handlers/medicine.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/medicine.handler.ts
@@ -1,94 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postMedicine, patchMedicine, removeMedicine } from '~/services/medicine.service'
 
-export const recId = ref<number>(0)
-export const recAction = ref<string>('')
-export const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-export const isReadonly = ref(false)
-export const isProcessing = ref(false)
-export const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-export const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-export function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postMedicine,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchMedicine,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500);
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(
-  id: number | string,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true;
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeMedicine,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isRecordConfirmationOpen.value = false;
-      if (refresh) refresh();
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      isProcessing.value = false;
-    },
-  });
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false;
-  isReadonly.value = false;
-  setTimeout(reset, 300);
-}
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postMedicine,
+  patch: patchMedicine,
+  remove: removeMedicine,
+})
diff --git a/app/handlers/uom.handler.ts b/app/handlers/uom.handler.ts
index e24fbcfa..dd018400 100644
--- a/app/handlers/uom.handler.ts
+++ b/app/handlers/uom.handler.ts
@@ -1,92 +1,21 @@
-import { ref } from 'vue'
-
-// Handlers
-import { type ToastFn, handleAsyncAction } from '~/handlers/_handler'
-
-// Services
+import { createCrudHandler } from '~/handlers/_handler'
 import { postUom, patchUom, removeUom } from '~/services/uom.service'
 
-const recId = ref<number>(0)
-const recAction = ref<string>('')
-const recItem = ref<any>(null)
-const isReadonly = ref(false)
-const isProcessing = ref(false)
-const isFormEntryDialogOpen = ref(false)
-const isRecordConfirmationOpen = ref(false)
-
-function onResetState() {
-  recId.value = 0
-  recAction.value = ''
-  recItem.value = null
-}
-
-export async function handleActionSave(values: any, refresh: () => void, reset: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[any], any>({
-    action: postUom,
-    args: [values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil disimpan',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menyimpan data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export async function handleActionEdit(
-  id: number | string,
-  values: any,
-  refresh: () => void,
-  reset: () => void,
-  toast: ToastFn,
-) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string, any], any>({
-    action: patchUom,
-    args: [id, values],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil diubah',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal mengubah data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: (isSuccess: boolean) => {
-      if (isSuccess) setTimeout(reset, 500)
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export async function handleActionRemove(id: number | string, refresh: () => void, toast: ToastFn) {
-  isProcessing.value = true
-  await handleAsyncAction<[number | string], any>({
-    action: removeUom,
-    args: [id],
-    toast,
-    successMessage: 'Data berhasil dihapus',
-    errorMessage: 'Gagal menghapus data',
-    onSuccess: () => {
-      if (refresh) refresh()
-    },
-    onFinally: () => {
-      onResetState()
-      isProcessing.value = false
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export function handleCancelForm(reset: () => void) {
-  isFormEntryDialogOpen.value = false
-  setTimeout(() => {
-    reset()
-  }, 500)
-}
-
-export { recId, recAction, recItem, isReadonly, isProcessing, isFormEntryDialogOpen, isRecordConfirmationOpen }
+export const {
+  recId,
+  recAction,
+  recItem,
+  isReadonly,
+  isProcessing,
+  isFormEntryDialogOpen,
+  isRecordConfirmationOpen,
+  onResetState,
+  handleActionSave,
+  handleActionEdit,
+  handleActionRemove,
+  handleCancelForm,
+} = createCrudHandler({
+  post: postUom,
+  patch: patchUom,
+  remove: removeUom,
+})